Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. As a result, the pancreas produces more insulin to compensate, leading to elevated insulin levels in the blood. Over time, this can cause high blood sugar and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

In women, insulin resistance is often linked to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can cause irregular periods, difficulty ovulating, and infertility. Symptoms may include weight gain (especially around the abdomen), fatigue, and increased hunger. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests for fasting glucose, insulin levels, and other metabolic markers.

Managing insulin resistance usually includes lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and, in some cases, medication. Early detection and proper management can improve metabolic health, support hormonal balance, and enhance fertility outcomes.

How is insulin resistance measured?

Insulin resistance can be measured through a variety of tests, including:

Fasting insulin level: This test measures the level of insulin in the blood after an overnight fast. High levels of insulin may indicate insulin resistance.
Fasting glucose level: This test measures the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood after an overnight fast. High levels of glucose may indicate insulin resistance or diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): This test measures the body’s ability to use glucose after drinking a sugary solution. The test involves taking blood samples before and after drinking the solution to measure the level of glucose in the blood.
Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA): This test uses the results of a fasting insulin level and a fasting glucose level to calculate the body’s insulin resistance.
Insulin sensitivity test: This test measures the body’s sensitivity to insulin. The test may involve injecting a small amount of insulin and taking blood samples at regular intervals to measure the level of glucose in the blood.

It is important to note that insulin resistance can also be caused by other factors, such as obesity, physical inactivity, and certain medications. Your doctor will consider the results of these tests, along with your medical history and other relevant factors.